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The Paris Agreement is an international treaty signed by 197 countries in 2016, which aimed to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement also seeks to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change. However, not all countries have signed or ratified the agreement.

Here are some of the countries that are not part of the Paris Agreement:

1. United States of America

The largest economy in the world, the United States of America withdrew from the Paris Agreement in 2020 under the leadership of former President Donald Trump. However, President Joe Biden rejoined the agreement on his first day in office.

2. Iran

Iran has not signed the Paris Agreement, although it has participated in the negotiations. The country’s economy heavily relies on its oil industry, which would be greatly impacted by commitments to the Paris Agreement.

3. Turkey

Turkey signed the Paris Agreement in 2016 but has not ratified it. The country has been criticized for its increasing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on coal as a source of energy.

4. Russia

Russia signed the Paris Agreement in 2016 but has not yet ratified it. The country has also been criticized for its increasing greenhouse gas emissions, caused by its reliance on oil and gas exports.

5. Iraq

Iraq has not signed the Paris Agreement. The country’s economy relies heavily on the oil industry, which has significant greenhouse gas emissions. Iraq has also been affected by ongoing conflicts and political instability, which may hinder its ability to commit to climate change action.

6. Libya

Libya has not signed the Paris Agreement due to ongoing political instability and conflict. The country has also been affected by economic sanctions that have impacted its oil industry, which has significant greenhouse gas emissions.

7. Eritrea

Eritrea has not signed the Paris Agreement, and there has been little information regarding the country’s climate change policy. It has been criticized for deforestation and overgrazing, which could impact its ability to adapt to climate change.

Although several countries are not part of the Paris Agreement, efforts are being made to encourage them to join and commit to climate change action. The Paris Agreement’s long-term goal is to keep global temperatures below 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and the participation of all countries is crucial to achieving this goal.